Maragaret, our historian, writes of the effect of invasions on the Derbyshire area of England:

"Celtic peoples occupied most of the British Isles up to the Roman invasion of 54 AD and many would have stayed where they lived under Roman rule, whilst others such as in Scotland, western Wales and Ireland would have remained purely Celtic."

"The Anglo-Saxons (from c.450 AD) and Danes/Vikings(from c.786 AD) are now thought to have pushed many Celtic communities back towards Wales, South-western England and Scotland but integrated somewhat with local populations in some areas. "

"The Danes controlled an area (the 'Danelaw') which covered what is now Yorkshire, part of Lancashire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Staffordshire and all eastern counties north of London; they split England in half diagonally, the limit of their control being a line running from Chester in the north-west to London in the south-east. Derbyshire was on the western edge of the Danelaw. "

"However, the main place names in Derbyshire, eg. Ashbourne, Bakewell, Buxton, Darley, Matlock etc. are all of Anglo-Saxon origin."

Genetically, it is not currently possible to differentiate Danish-Vikings from Anglo-Saxons. Their homelands are close together (Denmark and Germany) and they are both in haplo-group "I". So, this is a case where the lingusitic history of place names, helps make the distinction.